Just as the name suggests, object-oriented programming or OOP deal with the languages that use objects for programming. An object here implies a data field that has unique characteristics. First of all, we need to understand what exactly an object in OOP is. Therefore, without further ado, we go straight into the subject matter. Let’s go!
What is object-oriented programming?
As evident from the above, object-oriented programming focuses on software design using objects instead of functions. Rather than giving the attention towards the logic required for handling objects, object-oriented programming emphasizes on objects the developers use for building software solutions.
Also, large and sophisticated software is considered ideal for this type of development approach. Mobile applications, industrial and design programs come under the object-oriented programming model. For example, software programs for creating system simulation can use the object-oriented programming approach.
Additionally, group projects can take advantage of object-oriented programs because of their structure. Further, it helps in collaborative development. In essence, object-oriented programming comes with several benefits, such as code reusability, efficiency, and scalability.
Collecting all the objects a programmer needs for object-oriented programming and finding how they can connect with each other is the fundamental step in this model. This process is often termed as data modeling.
An object can be widgets, or it can be an entity like a human being with a name and address.
When an object is identified, you can assign a class of objects. It specifies the type of data it holds and the logic operations that can be used for its modification. Each logic step is called a method. Messages are well-defined interfaces that interact with objects.
Structure of object-oriented programming
The structure, otherwise known as building blocks, of object-oriented programming consists of:
Classes: These are user-defined data types that serve as the blueprint for individual objects, attributes, and methods.
Objects: These are examples of classes created from classes with defined data. Therefore, as mentioned earlier, objects relate to real-world objects or an entity like human beings.
Methods: Functions performed by objects are methods. A class defines methods that describe the behavior of an object. Further, methods perform various functions, manipulate data, and interact with other objects.
Attributes: Also referred to as properties, attributes deal with an object’s state. They differentiate classes. Also, they are the data members of a class. Typically, they store data related to an object.
What are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming?
There are certain principles in OOP. We shall explain each of these principles below.
Encapsulation
It states that only a few selected information gets exposed from the entire information contained in an object. Encapsulation prevents the direct access to certain components in an object. Therefore, the fundamental goal is to ensure data security and proper code organization.
Encapsulation ensures security by preventing unintended interference. Further, it differentiates the internal and external interactions of the object. In other words, encapsulation helps maintain code efficiently. Also, any changes can be made effortlessly.
Abstraction
Abstraction keeps the essentials and removes unwanted data. Also, it hides unnecessary information and shows only needed information to the users who are interacting. For this, you need to represent the real-world information in a simple manner for users.
Also, it helps with user interaction. Abstraction enables code reusability and eliminates duplication. Additionally, you can group related classes using abstraction. Further, developers can avoid writing low-level code. There are two types of abstraction in object-oriented programming, which include process abstraction and data abstraction.
Inheritance
It allows you to create new classes, such as subclasses, that possess the properties of existing (base) classes. Inheritance is similar to building a foundation and creates a hierarchy in the code. Further, it helps you manage complex projects efficiently and promotes code reuse.
Just imagine developing a complex software project. Using this major principle in object-oriented programming, you can create a base class with common methods and attributes. Also, create specialized subclasses that possess the necessary features with their own specific functionalities. Further, it prevents you from rewriting code and helps organize your project properly.
Polymorphism
This is yet another layer that gives extra power to your code. It helps objects to reply to the same messages in distinct ways. For example, it works like a universal adapter for several devices. This type of flexibility prevents the need for complex statements.
As a result, it makes your code adaptable to new conditions. It further enhances scalability and overall efficiency. Also, you can add new types of objects with code changes, giving enough flexibility to your code to adapt to new situations.
What are a few common object-oriented programming languages?
One of the most common object-oriented programming languages used is Simula. However, some languages work better with OOP. For instance, pure programming languages designed for object-oriented programming consider everything as objects. Other than Simula, there are several other pure OOP languages which include:
Scala
Emerald
JADE
Ruby
There are a few other languages designed specifically for object-oriented programming that incorporate some procedural processes. It includes:
C++
Python
Java
A few programming languages that work along with object-oriented programming are:
PHP
Visual Basic .NET
JavaScript
What are the significant benefits of object-oriented programming?
OOP features several advantages. We shall list down a few of the major advantages of object-oriented programming here.
1. Code Maintenance
You can make system updates and implement maintenance without making significant adjustments.
2. Upgradable and Scalable
Programmers can implement system functionalities independently. Further, it makes object-oriented programming easily upgradable and scalable.
3. Code Reusability
As explained earlier, you can reuse code using inheritance. For example, a developer team does not have to write the same code several times.
4. Modularity
Modularity breaks down a large program into independent, smaller, and interchangeable modules or elements. Therefore, each program features its unique functionality and interface.
5. Productivity
Developers can build new programs very fast with the help of multiple libraries and reusable code. Therefore, it enhances the productivity of your development team.
6. Security
With the help of encapsulation and abstraction, developers can hide complex code. Also, software maintenance becomes effortless, and they can protect internet protocols.
7. Interface Descriptions
Due to message-passing techniques in object communication, the descriptions for external systems become simple.
8. Flexibility
Polymorphism helps a single function to adapt to the class it is placed in. As a result, it makes code adaptable.
9. Lowers cost
Additionally, OOP helps reduce development costs and provides maintenance and reusability features.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is object-oriented programming in simple terms?
Object-oriented programming revolves around data objects and does not relate to functions. Typically, an object is a data field with unique attributes. Further, it is possible to assess and modify the data field to perform specific tasks.
What are the main features of object-oriented programming?
The main features include object, class, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Therefore, it helps the code to be adaptable, reusable, and simple to understand.
Why is object-oriented programming necessary?
Object-oriented programming facilitates easy modification of existing software systems. As a result, it enables the essential updates.
Author Bio
Silpa Sasidharan is a content writer and social media copywriting expert working at ThinkPalm Technologies, who aspires to create marketing texts for topics spanning from technology, automation and digital business solutions.
