What is Firmware Engineering and Why is it Important in 2026?

In the modern huge technological arena, two crucial but poorly understood aspects include firmware and firmware engineering. But what are they? Their awareness among many individuals is still low. 

Indeed, they form the backbone of a number of electronic devices that we use every day. Moreover, they silently make sure that such gadgets are operating well.  

Although all the focus is on the hardware and software, all the hard work is done by firmware engineering which links the physical components and software that they require to use. 

In this blog, we shall discuss the significance of firmware engineering, its influence on our daily life and devices, and how this engineering has an enormous potential in the future of technology and innovation. Let’s dive in.

What exactly is a firmware?

Firmware software programs the non-volatile memory of the hardware device so that it can maintain the information even when the gadget is in its non-functional state. It is directly installed on the hardware in the manufacturing process, and it is required to execute user programs and make the hardware work. 

Key Points About Firmware to Remember:

• The fundamental software that software hardware works with is firmware. 

• It remains in memory, thus storing data even when the gadget is turned off. 

• Further, Firmware manages the operation of critical devices, and if they are working correctly.  

• Most devices, including those we use in our daily lives, such as phones, TVs, appliances, and cars, have firmware. 
  In addition, firmware is not supposed to be updated and changed regularly like ordinary software. 
  Furthermore, Firmware is at times updated either to address security problems or to introduce new features, usually remotely using Firmware Over-The-Air (FOTA) updates. 

• Foundational Layer: It serves as a basis on which other programs and applications will be executed within a machine.  

What are the three major types of firmware?

Technology-specific firmware can be of many different types, though all firmware can be grouped into three broad categories depending on the degree of hardware integration. 

1. Low-level Firmware:

• It is embedded in the hardware of devices and is stored in nonvolatile stores such as ROM. 

• Characteristics: Can not be updated or changed; it is fundamental to basic operations. 

• Example: In computers- BIOS, which regulates simple hardware functions. 

2. High-level Firmware:

• It is more complicated and it is found in flash memory chips. 

• Characteristics: It allows updates; it allows new features and improvements. 

• Example: Computer firmware that is used to update BIOS to improve performance. 

3. Subsystem Firmware:

• It is included in embedded systems which are also comparable to high-level firmware. 

• Characteristics: Updatable; provides specialized functionality. 

• Example: Firmware to enable server’s power subsystem, enabling independent power management. 

Most devices, including those we use in our daily lives, such as phones, TVs, appliances, and cars, rely on firmware built using programming languages used in embedded and IoT systems. 

What is firmware engineering?

The entire field of firmware engineering deals with the development and maintenance of software that gets incorporated into (embedded) hardware devices. This software is called firmware and is a part of the operation of many different devices, both home-based appliances and sophisticated machinery. Thus, you can consider it as the software that runs right on such objects as your smartphone, your smartwatch, your microwave, or even your car! 

What does a firmware engineer do?

Firmware engineers ensure that the software is compatible with the hardware of the device and therefore it performs effectively and functions its intended purpose, while making it as efficient as possible. 

A more basic breakdown is as follows: 

• Writing Code for Hardware: Firmware engineers are the ones who code the most fundamental hardware operations, such as switching on a light or scanning data in a sensor. As an example, when you have a smart light bulb, the code telling the light bulb to turn on, change the color or various brightness levels is written by firmware engineers. 

• Making Sure It Works Well: They make sure that such a code works well with the hardware it manages, to make sure that your devices work properly. 

• Optimizing Performance: They also strive to make the code efficient in such a way that it does not consume unnecessary resources such as memory or processing power. 

• Fixing Problems: In case problems arise in the way the hardware and software interface, they are corrected by the firmware engineers. 

• Updating and Improving: It is also their duty to update and improve the firmware by passing time, adding new features, and removing any bugs that occur. 

Simply put, firmware engineering is everything to do with ensuring that the program on your devices works just right!  

What are the top applications of firmware?

Many devices incorporate firmware and some of them are not computing equipment as you may imagine. The typical uses are as follows:

1. Personal Computers:

• The PC firmware i.e. BIOS or UEFI is stored as a memory chip on the motherboard.  
• BIOS assists in the startup of the computer as well as handling hardware. Firmware also exists with graphics and video cards.  

2. Storage Devices:

• USB disks, hard drives, and other storage media contain firmware that allows them to be compatible with computers.  
• A USB drive has firmware that enables it to store and transfer data.  

3. Mobile Devices:

• Phones, tablets, and laptops have firmwares that assist the hardware to communicate with the software. 
• Smartphone firmware controls the camera, touch screen, and network connectivity.  

4. Automotive:

• To carry out certain functions, cars contain numerous systems and sensors with software. 
• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) has firmware that ensures proper braking. 

5. Home Appliances:

• Appliances such as washing machines and dish washers come with firmware to regulate their operations. 
• A washing machine has firmware that controls the washing options and cycles.  

6. Smart Cards:

• The smart cards contain firmware of simple capabilities, authentication, and encryption. 
• A smart card has firmware that allows it to conduct secure transactions and access control. 

All these devices also require firmware to properly work so that they can work correctly and efficiently. 

What is the difference between firmware engineering and embedded engineering?

In simple terms:

• Firmware Engineer: They build specific software (firmware) which is the brain of the devices, including your garage door, your remote, or even your car brakes. They also write algorithms/rules on how such devices should operate, requiring skills in programming and hardware knowledge. 

• Embedded Software Engineer: This person develops software to power electronic gadgets such as smartphones or GPS systems. As such, they have to be familiar with programming languages and are expected to understand hardware. Most importantly, they plan, create, test, and maintain these systems to ensure that they are smooth and efficient. 

Want to see how firmware and embedded software power modern IoT systems? Learn how a software-defined approach is transforming embedded systems and IoT services to improve flexibility, scalability, and performance. 

What is FOTA?

FOTA is an abbreviation, which means Firmware Over-the-Air. It enables manufacturers to wirelessly update devices with firmware. This is because you do not need to hook your device to a computer and do things manually. Your device self-updates and it is up to date with features and security fixes. 

Recent Updates in FOTA Technology

The following are some of the latest additions rendering FOTA updates safer, faster, and more convenient to all:  

• Better Security: Updates are now more secure, keeping your device safe against unauthorized access. 

• Smaller Downloads: The downloaded data and time are saved as the modified portions of the firmware are downloaded only. 

• More Reliable: In case of update failure, the device has the ability to get back to the older version to avoid issues. 

• More Devices Supported: FOTA can now be applied to several other devices other than smartphones such as smart home devices and cars. 

• Clear Notifications: Devices are now more informative on what is being changed and why, thus allowing you to know and be aware. 

• Smart Timing: You can also get updates at a time you are not using your device, so you are not interrupted. 

• Thorough Testing: The updates are tested more intensively and then released to be sure that they are compatible with all devices. 

What are the top six firmware development approaches?

When developing firmware, there are a number of big clear-cut approaches that can be considered. All approaches have distinct benefits to different types of projects and needs. The following are the key firmware development strategies: 

1. Bare Metal Development:

Bare Metal Development involves writing firmware directly for hardware without using an underlying operating system. 

• Advantages: Optimal performance, reduced consumption of memory, and timing accuracy. 
• Best for: Basic or time sensitive applications such as small embedded systems. 

2. RTOS-Based Development:

RTOS-Based Development involves using a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) to efficiently manage and execute tasks with precise timing. 

• Advantages: Scalability, easier task management, and enhanced multitasking.
• Best for: Difficult applications that require multitasking and real-time functionality, such as automotive or medical systems.

3. Embedded Linux Development:

Embedded Linux Development involves using a complete operating system, such as Linux, for embedded systems. 

• Advantages:Access to many features, easier networking, robust file system.
• Best for: Feature-rich applications like smart devices or multimedia systems.

4. Custom OS Development:

Custom OS Development is all about crafting a specialized operating system that perfectly fits the needs of a specific device.

• Advantages: Highly optimized, custom features, fine control over resources.
• Best for: Unique needs not met by existing systems.

5. Middleware and Framework-Based Development:

Middleware and Framework-Based Development involves using pre-built software components or frameworks to handle common tasks or services within a project.

• Advantages: Faster development, code reuse, easier maintenance.
• Best for: Projects benefitting from pre-built components, like IoT devices.

6. Model-Based Development:

It’s the process of designing and testing firmware using models prior to coding.

• Advantages: Early validation, automatic code generation, precise design.
• Best for: Safety-critical systems or precise behavior modeling, such as in automotive control.

As IoT grows, firmware often works alongside low-power connectivity protocols that enable device communication. Learn how protocols like Thread deliver efficient connectivity for IoT ecosystems. 

How do you choose the right firmware development approach?

Each approach has its strengths, and the best choice depends on your project’s goals and constraints. So, when selecting a firmware development approach, consider the following:

• Complexity: Ensure the approach matches the complexity and needs of your application.
• Performance: Evaluate if real-time performance and resource constraints are essential for your project.
• Resources: Assess the availability of development tools, libraries, and expertise needed for the chosen approach.
• Scalability and Maintenance: Think about how easily the firmware can be updated and maintained in the future.
• Time-to-Market: Consider the development time and speed of deployment required for your project.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do you need to create a firmware?

You need to create firmware to control and manage the hardware functions of a device.

What is firmware & kernel development?

Firmware and kernel development is about writing software for device functionality and core operations.

Are firmware engineers in demand in 2026?

Yes, industries will highly seek firmware engineers in 2026, maintaining their demand across various sectors and offering attractive packages.

What is the future of firmware engineers?

It seems really promising with the increasing complexity of embedded systems.

How does ThinkPalm support OEMs in firmware development?

ThinkPalm pioneers tailored solutions for OEMs in firmware development, leveraging cutting-edge networking and wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi 7, Wi-Fi 6E, Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 5, 2.4 GHz, and 5GHz. Our expertise spans firmware engineering, RDK-B development and integration, Wi-Fi Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) development, and product engineering. 

Further, we assist OEMs by providing robust Wi-Fi solutions for access points and stations, prioritizing network deployment for enhanced broadband experiences, and improving connectivity with Wi-Fi HAL development. Additionally, our services include tailored application and firmware development, efficient Wi-Fi driver crafting, Bluetooth Low Energy integration, seamless Wi-Fi protocol integration, and cloud-based network management solutions. Also, we excel in effective network equipment management. 

Moreover, we’re dedicated to reducing time-to-market and minimizing risks, whether for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) projects or comprehensive software framework development. We also specialize in fast, secure, real-time data sharing and hassle-free platform development. 

So, with ThinkPalm, OEMs can rely on our expertise in Wi-Fi HAL development, RDK-B development, and integration to revolutionize their wireless software development journey. 

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